Quantum and Economic Security: From Open Science to Controlled Technology

Quantum technologies are moving from a predominantly open scientific environment into a regime of conditional openness. The issue is not the end of international research collaboration, but the growing need to distinguish between basic science, commercially valuable know-how, dual-use technology and strategic capability. Export controls, investment screening, outbound-investment rules, research-security requirements and procurement conditions are beginning to shape who can finance, acquire, access, develop and deploy quantum systems. This shift matters because quantum value does not reside only in finished machines. It also moves through software, technical assistance, laboratory access, tacit expertise, cloud platforms, joint ventures, licensing agreements, doctoral training, visiting researchers and supply-chain relationships.