The Transatlantic Quantum Industrial Base

Quantum is becoming a test of industrial power, not only scientific progress. The United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and allied partners all possess important parts of the quantum value chain, but none controls the entire system alone. Research excellence, public infrastructure, critical components, standards, private capital, defence demand, export controls, and investment-screening rules are distributed across jurisdictions. The strategic problem is therefore whether allied democracies can build a quantum industrial base that is integrated enough to scale, secure enough to protect sensitive capabilities, and disciplined enough to avoid dependency, duplication, or uncontrolled technology transfer.